Posted by lae2 on October 13, 2021 at 18:01:44:
Essay Questions
During the surgical repair of a perforated duodenal ulcer, the gastroduodenal artery is ligated. Discuss the arteries that branch from the gastroduodenal artery, the organ(s) they supply, and anastomotic communications.
A 45-year-old male experiences severe weight loss over the past 6-months. Radiographic examination indicates superior mesenteric artery syndrome. Discuss possible causes, including rapid weight loss, of superior mesenteric syndrome and how it could lead to the symptoms of nutcracker syndrome indicative of left renal vein occlusion and horizontal duodenal blockage. Include an account for the type of vomiting and for varicoceles of the pampiniform plexus.
True False Questions
The is a diverticulum of the foregut.
The caudate lobe defines the superior boundary of the epiploic foramen.
The cystic artery is most commonly a branch of the right hepatic artery.
Portal hypertension may cause esophageal varices, internal hemorrhoids, and caput medusa.
The most distal extent of the foregut occurs at the descending duodenum.
The celiac arterial distribution has an anastomosis with the superior mesenteric arterial distribution at the descending duodenum.
The most distal location along the alimentary canal that stasis is driven by the celiac autonomic plexus is at the descending duodenum.
The most distal location along the alimentary canal that lymphatic drainage is to celiac central nodes is at the descending duodenum.
The longitudinal folds of mucosa are located along the lesser curvature of the stomach.
The pyloric sphincter releases stomach contents into the first part of the duodenum.
The left and right gastroepiploic arteries anastomose along the greater curvature of the stomach.
The splenic artery is retroperitoneal as it travels along the superior border of the pancreas and then becomes intraperitoneal within the lienorenal ligament.
The gastroduodenal artery passes posterior to the duodenal cap and, thus, is vulnerable to erosion in the case of a duodenal ulcer at this location.
The fundus of the stomach may undergo ischemic necrosis if the short gastric arteries are inadvertently ligated.
The common bile duct, proper hepatic artery, and the hepatic portal vein travel through the gastroduodenal ligament are known as the portal triad.
The epiploic foramen communicates between the lesser sac and the regions of the hepatorenal recess and right paracolic gutter of the greater sac.
The cystic artery most commonly branches from the right hepatic artery.
The left gastric vein, in the case of portal hypertension, may retrograde flow into the azygos system by a portal caval shunt that results in esophageal varices.
The superior mesenteric vein passes through the pancreatic cleft (incisure) and is, thus, vulnerable to cancers of the head of the pancreas.
The paraumbilical veins, in the case of portal hypertension, may retrograde flow into the venous drainages of the anterior abdominal wall by a portal caval shunt that results in caput medusae.
The fibrous ligamentum teres of the liver travels through the visceral falciform ligament.
The falciform ligament diverges at the superior border of the liver to contribute the anterior lamina of the coronary ligament.
The falciform and coronary ligaments attach the liver to the diaphragm.
A blockage at the ampulla of Vater is expected to cause elevated liver and pancreatic enzymes.
The sphincter of Oddi causes a raised part of mucosa within the descending duodenum known as the major duodenal papilla.
The lymphatic drainage of the foregut converges into the celiac nodes.
The most distal part of the foregut that stasis is driven by postganglionic fibers from the celiac ganglion is located at the second part (descending) part of the duodenum.